Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption: Evaluating Modern HVAC Solutions

Abstract

This paper evaluates the performance of modern HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) solutions in balancing thermal comfort and energy consumption. Thermal comfort is crucial for occupant well-being and productivity, yet maintaining it often leads to high energy use. Advanced HVAC technologies, such as smart thermostats, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems, energy recovery ventilators (ERVs), and geothermal heat pumps, promise to optimize both comfort and efficiency. Through a combination of field experiments and simulations, this study assesses the effectiveness of these technologies in various building types and climates. The results demonstrate that smart thermostats significantly reduce energy consumption by adapting to occupancy patterns, VRF systems provide precise temperature control with high efficiency, ERVs enhance ventilation while minimizing energy loss, and geothermal heat pumps offer consistent comfort with lower energy use. Despite higher initial costs, these systems offer substantial long-term savings and improved indoor environmental quality. The findings underscore the importance of integrating advanced HVAC technologies into sustainable building practices, highlighting the potential for enhanced occupant comfort and reduced energy consumption. Future research directions include exploring emerging HVAC technologies and their broader impacts on building performance and occupant health.