Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and cardiovascular disease: Pathophysiological Connections

Abstract

Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and cardiovascular disease form a complex interplay with profound implications for public health. Obesity, a multifactorial condition, serves as a cornerstone for the development of Metabolic Syndrome, characterized by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and visceral adiposity. This constellation of metabolic abnormalities significantly elevates the risk for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality globally. Pathophysiologically, adipose tissue secretes many pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, contributing to systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Insulin resistance further exacerbates dyslipidemia and hypertension, fostering a hostile environment within the vasculature. Moreover, adiposity-induced alterations in adipokine secretion disrupt lipid metabolism, perpetuating atherosclerotic plaque formation and instability. Understanding these intricate connections is pivotal for developing targeted interventions to mitigate the burden of these intertwined disorders and promote cardiovascular health.