From Remote Outback to Urban Jungle: Achieving Universal 6G Connectivity through Hybrid Terrestrial-Aerial-Satellite Networks

Abstract

This research explores the integration of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) into 6G telecommunications to achieve universal connectivity across diverse environments, from remote rural areas to urban centers. Current terrestrial networks face challenges such as coverage limitations, vulnerability to natural disasters, and high deployment costs, particularly in sparsely populated regions. NTNs, including satellite constellations, high-altitude platforms, and UAVs, offer expansive coverage and rapid deployment capabilities, essential for bridging these gaps. Advanced technologies like AI-based optimization, blockchain for security, and advanced antenna systems enhance the efficiency, reliability, and scalability of NTN integration. The study evaluates NTN's impact on reducing latency, improving energy efficiency, and enabling innovative applications such as telemedicine, AR/VR, smart agriculture, and autonomous transportation. Addressing open challenges in interference management, network scalability, security, and regulatory frameworks is crucial for realizing the transformative potential of 6G NTN integration. Collaborative efforts among researchers, industries, and policymakers are essential for overcoming barriers and leveraging NTN technologies to enhance global connectivity and societal resilience in the digital age.