AI and the Future of Autonomous Vehicles: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) represent a groundbreaking advancement in transportation, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance safety, efficiency, and sustainability. This paper explores the technological foundations of AVs, including key AI techniques such as computer vision, sensor fusion, and machine learning. It examines the challenges facing AVs, including technical, regulatory, and ethical issues, and highlights the opportunities for safety improvements, economic benefits, and environmental impact. Through case studies of industry leaders like Waymo, Tesla, and Cruise, and discussions on future directions, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of current developments and future prospects for autonomous vehicles, emphasizing their potential to transform the transportation landscape.